These Fundamental Principles do not have a hierarchical structure. They are equal and none takes precedence over the others. Any bioethical issue that arises can be addressed in light of these principles:
Principle of Autonomy. This refers to the right of individuals to make their own choices regarding health matters, based on their personal beliefs and values. Their opinions and rights must be respected, provided they do not harm others.
Principle of “Do no Harm.” This refers generally to the obligation of every individual not to harm their fellow human beings, but also specifically to the duty of doctors to care for the health of their patients, avoiding medical procedures that may harm them.
Principle of Beneficence. This includes love and altruism. It encompasses rules for balancing benefits and risks.
Principle of Justice. This refers to the fair treatment of individuals, equal access to health services, and the equal distribution of health resources.
According to the principles of bioethics, today’s scientists can only commit to “passing on” to their students eternal moral values, adapted to our times.